A Justiça condenou a Mineradora Samarco por litigância de má-fé, ou seja, comportamento desleal. Conforme a sentença do juiz Vinicius Cobucci, da 4ª Vara Federal, a empresa utilizou de uma engenharia jurídica para burlar a indenização às vítimas atingidas pelo rompimento da barragem em 2015, que matou 19 pessoas.
O documento de quitação exigido das vítimas do desastre da barragem de rejeitos de minério em Mariana (MG) para aderirem ao programa de compensação está sendo utilizado pela Fundação Renova para recusar os pagamentos de outros auxílios financeiros. Como consequência desse comportamento, a organização foi multada em R$ 250 mil.
O Suporte Financeiro de Urgência (SFU) e a plataforma de compensação on-line denominada ‘Novel’ integram as ações determinadas às empresas mineradoras Vale e Bhp Billiton, responsáveis pelo desastre ambiental. Ambos são implementados pela Fundação Renova, estabelecida pelas empresas para a restauração dos prejuízos.
O Auxílio Financeiro Emergencial (AFE) é concedido de forma temporária e assistencial. Ele é destinado às pessoas que tiveram sua renda, atividade econômica ou produtiva afetadas devido ao desastre da barragem, até que consigam restabelecê-las.
O ‘Novel’ foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de tornar mais simples o processo de indenização dos afetados. Por meio dessa plataforma on-line, as pessoas prejudicadas podem enviar seus documentos para avaliação da Fundação Renova. Porém, ao se inscrever no programa ‘Novel’, a pessoa abre mão automaticamente de qualquer solicitação de apoio financeiro à instituição.
Para fazer parte do sistema, é necessário formalizar um acordo de quitação, que engloba todas as reivindicações financeiras relacionadas ao colapso da represa, exceto por possíveis danos posteriores.
O juiz considerou como condenável e repreensível a conduta da Fundação Renova ao prejudicar de forma intencional os direitos das vítimas envolvidas.
De acordo com sua avaliação, a empresa tem realizado medidas de compensação incompletas aguardando a concordância das vítimas com o Programa ‘Novel’, que as obrigaria a conceder quitação completa e irrestrita, isentando a organização de arcar com despesas, como o benefício financeiro emergencial.
O juiz argumentou na sentença que aceitar o pagamento total e final com efeitos futuros, especialmente em relação ao AFE, constitui desrespeito ao princípio da reparação integral. Se já houve quitação, por que reparar?
Segundo o juiz, a concessão do auxílio está ligada à compensação que possibilita às vítimas voltarem às suas atividades laborais e conseguirem renda. Quanto mais ágeis forem as medidas tomadas pela Fundação Renova, mais breve será a interrupção do auxílio.
“O indivíduo afetado mantém suas atividades econômicas em curso e em evolução ao longo do tempo. Dessa maneira, o Auxílio Financeiro Emergencial precisa ser fornecido até que as condições para retomada das atividades econômicas e produtivas anteriores ao rompimento sejam restabelecidas”, declarou.
Agravando ainda mais a situação, a Fundação Renova precisou novamente realizar o pagamento do Auxílio Financeiro Emergencial para aqueles que tiveram o benefício interrompido ao entrar no programa ‘Novel’.
O Tribunal Regional Federal determinou a necessidade de cumprir essa obrigação. Contudo, em situações futuras, a entidade decidiu não aceitar mais a entrada de novos beneficiários do auxílio que já tivessem se cadastrado no sistema.
O magistrado afirmou que a Fundação Renova, ao suspender o pagamento do AFE por conta da entrada no ‘Novel’ e ser obrigada a restabelecê-lo por determinação judicial, não pode se recusar a fornecê-lo àqueles que já foram beneficiados anteriormente pela indenização no âmbito do ‘Novel’.
“O emprego dessa conduta processual predatória e imprudente é motivo de inquietação, pois não se sabe se o departamento jurídico da instituição endossa essa postura e repassa para o setor administrativo e instâncias decisórias superiores, ou se é o setor administrativo que exige que o jurídico defenda essa postura condenável, que desrespeita a dignidade das vítimas do desastre, nos tribunais”, afirmou.
Por perceber que a Fundação Renova está agindo deliberadamente em direção oposta ao seu propósito de reparação, o juiz impôs uma multa de R$ 250 mil por litigância de má-fé.
A determinação também indica que a organização deve evitar recusar o acesso ao Auxílio Financeiro Emergencial com base na justificativa de que já ocorreu o pagamento de compensação e a assinatura do documento de quitação requerido para as vítimas que aderiram ao programa ‘Novel’. Além disso, exige que a Fundação Renova relacione todas as pessoas afetadas que tiveram sua elegibilidade negada para receber o AFE por essa justificativa agora rejeitada.
Adicionalmente, a determinação também veda a instituição de realizar qualquer interrupção do AFE de forma unilateral, sendo necessária a autorização do Comitê Interfederativo (CIF) da região em questão ou da autorização judicial.
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