O ministro Aloysio Corrêa da Veiga, atual vice-presidente e eleito presidente do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho (TST) para o próximo biênio, expressou sua opinião sobre a questão da “pejotização” e as contratações terceirizadas durante o XIV Congresso Internacional da Academia Brasileira de Direito do Trabalho, realizado em setembro no Sesc Pinheiros. Em entrevista à revista eletrônica Consultor Jurídico, ele destacou que um empregado não pode ser considerado uma pessoa jurídica e que há distinções claras entre a “pejotização” e a terceirização.
Corrêa da Veiga criticou a prática de algumas empresas, especialmente de televisão, que transformam até mesmo funções simples, como a dos cabistas, em pessoas jurídicas (PJs). Segundo ele, isso contribui para a erosão da relação de emprego e desvirtua a função reguladora do Estado. O ministro afirmou que a terceirização envolve três elementos principais: a empresa prestadora de serviços, a empresa tomadora de serviços e o prestador de serviços. Nessa configuração, a empresa tomadora contrata a prestadora para realizar determinadas atividades, e os empregados são vinculados à empresa terceirizada, com ambas as empresas compartilhando a responsabilidade de garantir o cumprimento das leis trabalhistas.
A discussão sobre as novas relações de trabalho, impulsionada pela tecnologia e o crescimento das plataformas de entrega e transporte, foi uma das pautas centrais do congresso. Esse cenário gerou divergências na Justiça do Trabalho, com alguns magistrados argumentando que não há relação de trabalho entre motoristas e aplicativos, enquanto outros defendem a aplicação da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho (CLT) nessas situações. O TST reflete essa divisão, com turmas que reconhecem o vínculo empregatício entre trabalhadores e plataformas como Uber, Rappi e 99, enquanto outras consideram essas relações como contratos cíveis.
O ministro também mencionou os atritos entre a Justiça do Trabalho e o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), especialmente em casos onde o STF intervém em decisões colegiadas, como no reconhecimento de vínculos empregatícios. Corrêa da Veiga reafirmou a competência da Justiça do Trabalho, conforme estabelecido no artigo 114 da Constituição e pela Emenda Constitucional 45, que delimita a competência para resolver conflitos decorrentes das relações de trabalho.
Em sua visão, é necessário adaptar as normas trabalhistas às novas realidades tecnológicas sem comprometer os princípios fundamentais do Direito do Trabalho, além de aprimorar as normas para garantir sua eficácia. Ele enfatizou a importância de cada tribunal julgar dentro de sua competência constitucional, respeitando a divisão de responsabilidades entre a Justiça do Trabalho e o STF.
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