Relatório do Centro de Hidrografia e Navegação do Oeste – departamento de monitoramento da Marinha do Brasil — aponta que o Pantanal do Mato Grosso do Sul já enfrenta a maior seca dos últimos 100 anos. Segundo o relatório, o nível acumulado de precipitação no rio Paraguai, o principal do Pantanal, deve ficar entre 700 e 800 mm até junho, ao encerrar o ciclo das cheias, que se inicia em outubro.
Esse índice, que gerará um déficit hídrico, fica abaixo dos 1.113 mm atingidos em 2021, quando as chamas das queimadas destruíram grande parte da vegetação, matando e ferindo onças e outros animais.
“O fato reveste de grande relevância, uma vez que o baixo nível do rio Paraguai pode causar limitações à navegação na hidrovia Paraguai-Paraná e gerar o aumento significativo da ocorrência de incêndios e outros desastres ambientais no Pantanal”, destaca o relatório.
A previsão da Marinha já se tornou realidade
Segundo imagens e depoimentos feitos e repassadas por fazendeiros da região, os focos de fogo atingem principalmente os brejos do rio Aquidauana. “Como o local é de difícil acesso, os Bombeiros estão tentando apagar o fogo sem sucesso há mais de dois meses”, afirmou o médico veterinário Nílson de Barros, fundador da Sociedade de Defesa do Pantanal (Sodepan), uma organização não governamental.
Na região de Corumbá/MS, as imagens mostram ainda que as margens do rio Paraguai, antes cobertas por matas ciliares, estão tomadas por bancos de areia, que podem provocar o assoreamento do rio. Com a experiência de ter chefiado a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) de Corumbá/MS, o maior centro de pesquisa do Pantanal, Barros afirma que a seca está ocasionando a proliferação de pragas, como de um percevejo antes ausente na região.
Essas pragas estão matando as raízes dos pastos. “Depois de seco, o pasto, que nunca mais vai se recuperar, se transforma em um barril de pólvora, ocasionando focos de incêndio. Isso ocorreu nos anos 1960. Só que na época, havia o gado que comia todo esse material acumulado. O que não acontece hoje, porque os fazendeiros estão abandonando suas propriedades devido às pragas”, afirma.
Barros está entre os pesquisadores e fazendeiros que acreditam que o boi pantaneiro, chamado de “boi Bombeiro”, ajuda na preservação do meio ambiente. A expressão “boi pantaneiro” foi inventada pelo professor de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Arnildo Potti, enquanto ele trabalhava na Fazenda Experimental da Embrapa de Corumbá, na Nhecolândia, região Central do Pantanal.
“Isso ficou provado em um ano que tiramos o gado do pasto, deixando a área mais tempo alagada. Foi uma tragédia enorme, pois quando a água secou, foi incêndio para todo lado”, conta. Nesses últimos anos, essa tese ganhou força devido às imagens de satélite que comprovaram que muitos focos de incêndio ocorreram em reservas adquiridas por ONGs e que estavam abandonadas. Isso levou a Assembleia Legislativa de Mato Grosso do Sul a aprovar um projeto do Governo do Estado que passa a responsabilizar, além dos fazendeiros, os donos de reservas por queimadas.
Preparado para enfrentar novas queimadas
Atento ao relatório da Marinha, o coronel aposentado da Polícia Florestal, Ângelo Rabelo, disse que os Bombeiros e organizações não governamentais se preparam para enfrentar novas queimadas esse ano. De acordo com Rabelo, que preside a ONG Fundação Homem Pantaneiro, foram instaladas câmaras com capacidade de prever em três minutos um foco de incêndio em uma área de l milhão de hectares.
Rabelo conta que, além das câmaras do chamado projeto Pantera, os fazendeiros da região estão instalando poços artesianos movidos a energia solar, o que evita de o gado morrer de sede durante o período de seca.
Rabelo guarda no corpo cicatrizes devido à sua luta pela defesa do Pantanal. Na década de 1970, então policial florestal ativo, foi atingido no rosto e nos braços durante uma troca de tiros com os coreiros (caçadores de jacaré). Hoje, a ONG de Rabelo conta com 13 brigadistas de plantão para combater focos de incêndios.
“A experiência com as últimas queimadas nos levou a preparar para evitar que a tragédia se repetisse. Esse ano, pelo menos na Serra do Amolar (onde a ONG de Rabelo está instalada) e em Corumbá, temos conseguido controlar rapidamente o fogo”, disse.
Barros, Rabelo e outros moradores da região são unânimes em dizer que pelo menos até o momento as onças e outros animais, feridos nas últimas queimadas, estão preservados, principalmente devido à proibição da caça predatória. Até mesmo os búfalos, que haviam se refugiado no Chaco (pantanal boliviano), voltaram. A exemplo das onças, eles andam em grupo por toda região pantaneira.
“Tenho visto onças até nas rodovias. Por isso, redobrei os cuidados ao registrar uma imagem com medo de ser atacado por um felino”, afirma o jornalista ambiental Sílvio de Andrade, que mora em Bonito/MS e tem mais de 40 anos de experiência no Pantanal.
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