A pesquisa realizada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Economia da Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV-Ibre) revela que 67,7% dos trabalhadores autônomos, incentivados pela reforma trabalhista a migrarem para a informalidade, agora desejam um emprego formal com carteira assinada. Esse dado evidencia a fragilidade da reforma trabalhista, aprovada há sete anos, que em vez de criar oportunidades, aprofundou a precariedade do trabalho no Brasil.
A reforma alterou mais de cem pontos da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho (CLT), introduzindo mudanças significativas como a prevalência dos acordos entre patrões e empregados sobre a legislação, a permissão de parcelamento de férias e a eliminação da contribuição sindical obrigatória — decisão que foi posteriormente retificada pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF). Embora a reforma tenha sido promovida com a promessa de reduzir o desemprego, que vinha crescendo desde a crise político-econômica de 2015, a realidade foi bem diferente. Em julho de 2017, a taxa de desocupação já estava em 12,9%, e continuou a aumentar nos anos seguintes, atingindo 14,9% em março de 2021, durante a pandemia de Covid-19.
Atualmente, 25,4 milhões de brasileiros trabalham como autônomos e enfrentam uma constante insegurança financeira. Cerca de 44% dos autônomos ganham até um salário mínimo e 45% deles não conseguem prever sua renda para os próximos seis meses — um percentual que chega a 67,5% entre os empregados formais. Além disso, a variação salarial é uma realidade para 19,8% dos autônomos, enquanto apenas 4,7% dos trabalhadores com carteira assinada enfrentam essa oscilação.
O desejo pela segurança do emprego formal é ainda mais intenso entre os mais pobres: 75,6% dos autônomos que ganham até um salário mínimo preferem a CLT. Entre aqueles que ganham de um a três salários mínimos, esse índice é de 70,8%. Apenas entre os que ganham acima de três salários mínimos, a preferência pela carteira assinada cai para 54,6%. A precarização do trabalho pesa mais sobre os homens negros, que representam 54,5% dos autônomos, e sobre aqueles na faixa etária de 45 a 65 anos.
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