A Companhia de Energia de Minas Gerais (Cemig), que relutava em não pagar impostos para os municípios, teve sua apelação negada no Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) ao solicitar o direito à isenção fiscal em relação ao pagamento do Imposto Predial e Territorial Urbano (IPTU) pelos imóveis que possui no estado. A decisão favorece o município de Santa Luzia, na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, que é parte na ação.
A cidade de Santa Luzia alegava que a Cemig não estava pagando o imposto devido sobre seus imóveis na cidade. O município argumentou que a lei não prevê isenção de IPTU para empresas estatais, como a Cemig.
A empresa ainda apresentou um agravo regimental para tentar reverter o entendimento da 2ª Turma do tribunal, mas ele também foi rejeitado. O caso teve origem na Justiça de Minas Gerais, onde o pedido da concessionária para não pagar IPTU foi negado na primeira instância e também no Tribunal de Justiça estadual (TJ-MG).
A Cemig foi então ao STF. No Recurso Extraordinário, a empresa alegava ao Supremo que, por ser uma sociedade de economia mista prestadora de serviço público essencial, teria direito à imunidade tributária recíproca, regra constitucional que impede os entes federados de criarem impostos sobre patrimônio, renda ou serviços uns dos outros.
O relator do caso no STF, o ministro Gilmar Mendes, rejeitou o recurso em decisão individual, o que mobilizou o agravo regimental interposto pela companhia, também rejeitado na 2ª Turma.
Gilmar pontuou que a jurisprudência do STF é de que o benefício da imunidade tributária não se estende às sociedades de economia mista que tenham ações negociadas em bolsas de valores e que distribuam lucros a seus controladores ou acionistas particulares, como é o caso da Cemig.
O ministro ressaltou que a prestação de serviço essencial não supera o fato de que a Cemig reparte lucros a seus acionistas privados e atua em ambiente competitivo com as demais prestadoras do serviço de energia. “O reconhecimento da imunidade tributária colocaria em risco o equilíbrio concorrencial”, escreveu o ministro em seu voto, que foi seguido por unanimidade pelo colegiado.
A decisão do STF é importante porque reafirma a autonomia dos municípios para cobrar impostos sobre as empresas que atuam em seu território. Até então, a Cemig vinha se recusando a pagar o IPTU em Santa Luzia, alegando que a empresa era isenta do imposto. A Cemig é uma das maiores empresas do setor elétrico do Brasil. A decisão do STF pode abrir um precedente para que outros municípios também cobrem IPTU das empresas do setor elétrico.
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