Moradores de Conceição do Pará (centro-oeste de minas) alertavam há anos sobre os riscos representados pelas operações da mineradora Jaguar Mining na região. Reclamações recorrentes incluíam desabastecimento de água, rachaduras em casas devido às explosões e preocupações com a instabilidade das estruturas de rejeitos. A pilha de rejeitos que desmoronou e atingiu cerca de 200 famílias que foram obrigadas a deixar suas casas pela defesa civil, da Mina de Turmalina, reforçou essas preocupações, já que muitos acreditavam que a mineradora negligenciava medidas de segurança e manutenção adequadas.
Esses alertas foram ignorados por autoridades e pela própria empresa, segundo relatos de moradores e organizações locais. O histórico de problemas ambientais e sociais associados à mineradora, como o impacto sobre recursos hídricos e danos estruturais em residências, já era conhecido há mais de uma década. A recente tragédia trouxe à tona a falta de fiscalização rigorosa e os riscos inerentes à atividade mineradora em áreas densamente habitadas.
Em 2012, eu trabalhava na TV Record e tinha uma coluna ao lado do colega Amaury Ribeiro Jr. no jornal “Hoje em Dia”. Durante esse período, ouvi um relato impactante de Amador Lopes de Oliveira, um trabalhador braçal. Ele contou sobre um dia em que estava trabalhando na roçagem de um pasto de gado próximo ao Rio Pará, quando precisou correr para se proteger do estouro de explosivos da Mina Turmalina.
Segundo Amador, as pedras resultantes das explosões estavam atingindo a área onde ele estava trabalhando.
A denúncia foi publicada no “Hoje em Dia”. Amador Oliveira, que já faleceu aos 77 anos de idade, não teve que enfrentar o risco iminente de ver sua casa ameaçada pelos rejeitos de ouro da mineradora no último final de semana.
A pilha de rejeitos que desmoronou na Mina de Turmalina, era composta por terras retiradas de um túnel de quase 10 quilômetros de profundidade. A extração de ouro na região é subterrânea.
A Mina de Turmalina ficou desativada por mais de 10 anos. Nos anos 90, a Mineradora Morro Velho, que explorava o ouro na região em superfície e subterrânea, abandonou o projeto, alegando que o mineral já tinha se esgotado no local. Já nos anos 2000, um novo estudo geológico levou a mineradora Jaguar Mining a voltar a explorar o ouro na região.
Na época, a empresa não apresentou nenhum projeto de segurança para os moradores vizinhos da mina. Maior fonte de renda da cidade, que tem uma população de menos de 6 mil habitantes, a mineradora conta com a omissão das autoridades locais. Os cerca de 1 mil moradores do povoado de Casquilho, vizinhos da mineradora, já foram afetados pela exploração do ouro.
Em 2010, a Jaguar Mining que é dona da Mina de Turmalina foi acusada de ter provocado o desabastecimento de água na região. Os poços artesianos que abasteciam a região secaram, sob suspeita de terem sido provocados pela mineradora.
O fornecimento de água era realizado pela prefeitura e era gratuito. Com a seca dos poços artesianos o serviço passou a ser feito pela Copasa e com cobrança de taxa. A mineradora não sofreu nenhuma punição por ter provocado a seca.
A Mina Turmalina está localizada próxima ao Rio Pará, que é um dos principais afluentes do Rio São Francisco. Essa proximidade destaca a importância da região tanto em termos de recursos naturais quanto de potencial impacto ambiental.
Outras reclamações dos moradores incluem estouros de explosivos que provocaram danos em inúmeras residências do povoado, causando rachaduras
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